An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components Case Solution

The Harvard Business Review published a case study that primarily focuses on An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components. The following case solution has been designed to give the reader an overview about the business world along with a clear understanding of its growth dynamics. Recently, An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components has been subjected to strategic as well as managerial problems that require immediate attention so that they can be resolved to allow future growth, expansion, and competitive edge within the marketplace. This case study solution is being written to provide a strategic solution to An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components using various appropriate tools and frameworks. Harvard Business Review’s case studies involve a central problem that is faced by a particular company. The problem identified involves strategic and managerial implications for the company. Therefore, it is important for readers to critically identify the problem An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components faces. Moreover, it is also essential to highlight the key stakeholders that are impacted and influenced by the problem identified.

External Environmental Analysis

The external environment holds significant importance for An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components to ensure that the company is able to respond to all the changes in the macro-environment. This is because An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components cannot control the factors and thus can directly influence the company's operations (Indris & Primiana, 2015). The external environment of An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components will be assessed using PESTLE Analysis.

Political

• A stable political environment provides a favorable market growth trend for An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components.

• It is important for An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components to analyze the pressure groups, and social environment activists. The company can make close collaborations with these groups to achieve company goals (Wang, Wang, & Shi, 2022).

• High restrictions on trade and high levels of taxes can contribute to the complex business environment for An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components by impacting imports and exports.

Economic

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components can benefit from wide-range opportunities in business growth by operating in developing economies (Munro, 2017).

• High GDP can determine the long-term growth strategies of An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components, signaling the ability of consumers to spend on more products.

• Higher rates of interests can provide An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components with more investment opportunities.

• The flexibility in the labor market allows An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components to take advantage of higher workforce productivity.

Social

• The selection of appropriate demographic segments has allowed An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components to select the right segments of the market that have high growth potential.

• The research on gender roles has helped An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components to develop and align communication as well as marketing strategies accordingly.

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components has been successful in understanding the norms and cultures of different countries by developing local teams and partnerships (Hueske, Endrikat, & Guenther, 2015).

Technological

• The adoption of innovative marketing techniques that involves communication technologies has allowed An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components to collaborate successfully with consumers.

• The company has stayed ahead in the market, and can significantly increase its market share by placing its major focus on emerging technologies (Akpoviroro & Owotutu, 2018).

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components should maximize its profits by investing in disruptive technologies.

Environmental

• It is crucial for An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components to adopt effective waste management practices to reduce environmental pollution (J. K, W. J, & D., 2016).

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components should adopt eco-friendly products to establish better relationships with the stakeholders.

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components can take advantage of subsidies offered in renewable technologies to achieve the long-term goal of sustainability.

Legal

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components should follow proper laws concerning employee health and safety, and anti-discrimination laws to effectively develop HRM.

• Consumer protection laws are also important for An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components as it involves the consumer protection from fraudulent marketing (S. Samusenko, S. Plaskova, & A. Prodanova, 2020).

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components can gain a competitive advantage, and can position itself strongly in the market by protecting intellectual property laws.

Porter’s Five Forces Analysis

Threat of New Entrants

• It is difficult to achieve economies of scale in An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components’s industry, making it a weaker force for new entrants.

• There are high capital requirements in the industry. This makes it difficult for new businesses to set up their companies, and compete against An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components.

• The industry has a strong product differentiation, and heavy investment is needed for customer acquisition. Thus, An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components can focus on innovation to differentiate itself from its competitors (H. Th. Bruijl, 2018).

• There are strict legal requirements to join the industry in which An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components operates, making it difficult for new entrants to enter the market.

Bargaining Power of Suppliers

• The bargaining power of suppliers in the industry is weak.

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components operates in an industry with a higher number of suppliers. This means that suppliers do not have much control over their prices.

• Standardized products that have low switching costs are provided by suppliers allowing buyers like An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components to easily switch their suppliers (Fabbri & F.Klapper, 2016).

• Raw materials can be purchased at lower prices by An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components. The company can also switch suppliers for more reasonable pricing.

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components can benefit from a variety of suppliers as it can have multiple suppliers for its various geographical areas (Cho, Ke, & Han, 2019).

Bargaining Power of Buyers

• The bargaining power of buyers in the An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components industry is weak.

• There is a high product differentiation in the industry, making it difficult for buyers to switch to alternative firms.

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components can come with differentiated and innovative products to attract more buyers of the industry (Zhao, Zuo, & Wu, 2016).

• Buyers of this industry has low incomes. This means they prefer to purchase items at lower prices, making them more price sensitive. Organizations like An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components can offer lower prices to attract customers.

Threat of Substitute Products or Services

• There are few substitute products available in the industry in which An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components operates.

• Expensive substitutes are available in the industry of An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components, making it difficult for buyers to switch to those substitutes (Aithal, 2016).

Rivalry Among Existing Firms

• The rivalry among existing firms is moderate to weak.

• There are few competitors in the industry in which An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components operates.

• A large market share is enjoyed by fewer firms in the industry. This means that more competitive actions will be made to become leaders in the market (Seema, 2016).

• The industry in which An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components operates has highly differentiated products, making it difficult for companies to win each other customers.

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components can focus on making more differentiated products to gain a strong competitive edge in the market (Zhao, Zuo, & Wu, 2016).

Internal Environmental Analysis

An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components can use internal environmental analysis to identify and evaluate the competitive positioning of a company in the business environment. This involves conducting a SWOT Analysis that can help An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components to identify the company’s internal strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (Halmaghi, Iancue, & Băcilă, 2017).

SWOT Analysis

Strengths

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components has a strong distribution network that has allowed it to make its products available to large customers within the given timeframe.

• A strong presence on social media platforms has allowed An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components to have a high level of customer engagement (Rizaldi, 2015).

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components has been successful in building a large product portfolio, so unique and distinctive products can be offered to consumers.

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components has a strong brand image in the market.

• A low-cost structure of An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components has allowed it to manufacture products at lower costs, so they become affordable for consumers to purchase.

• The financial position of An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components is strong as the company has generated higher profits over the past years (Phadermrod, M.Crowder, & B.Wills, 2019).

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components has invested in the training and development of its employees to keep them motivates, leading to higher efficiency and productivity.

Weaknesses

• The expenditure of An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components on its research and development is comparatively less to other competitors of the market.

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components uses a centralized decision-making process that takes time and reduces operational efficiency (Ahmadi, Dileepan, & K. Wheatley, 2016).

• There are high rental costs because An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components operates on more of the rental properties rather than purchasing them.

• There is no workforce diversification in An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components. This makes it difficult for the employees to adjust with the different workers who belong to different backgrounds.

Opportunities

• Since the online shopping has increased significantly, An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components can take it as an opportunity to expand its online presence.

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components can make use of social media platforms to market its products, with more customers interactions.

• Due to more technological developments, An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components can make its operations more automated so that overall company costs can be reduced (Ahmadi, Dileepan, & K. Wheatley, 2016).

• Globalization provides an opportunity to An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components to expand its operations in multiple countries.

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components can enter in a niche market and sell distinctive products to gain a competitive advantage.

• The increase in the demand of environmentally friendly goods, An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components, can place its major focus on making such products (E.Quezada, A.Reinao, & I.Palominos, 2019).

Threats

• In recent times, there has been an increase in the bargaining power of suppliers, making it difficult for An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components to buy raw materials at lower costs.

• Numerous players are entering the industry, posing a major threat to An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components.

• There has been constant pressure on An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components to conduct frequent research to understand the changing customer tastes and preferences (Kolbina, 2015).

• Technological advancements require workforce training. This adds to the costs of An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components.

VRIO Analysis

An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components uses VRIO Analysis to assess and evaluate the company resources to determine the competitiveness, and strategic advantage.

Valuable

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components has a strong brand image and engages in corporate social responsibility.

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components has a high brand recognition because of the quality of products it offers to its customers (Ariyani & Daryanto, 2018).

• The distribution system of An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components is valued all round the world. The company has been able to successfully establish strong relationships with its suppliers.

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components focuses on continuous innovation in its business. The company has expanded this innovation in its multiple functional areas.

• There are potential growth opportunities in the market, and An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components has been able to penetrate the market through its ability to raise large funds.

Rare

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components operates globally. This global presence has allowed the company to increase its customer base (Miethlich & G. Oldenburg, 2019).

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components has an organizational culture that promotes more teamwork, innovation, and creativity among its employees, that leads to a competitive advantage.

• Since An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components has a global presence, it allows the company to easily adapt to different cultures, norms and values.

• The risk-taking ability of An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components is strong. This provides more opportunities to the company to penetrate different markets.

Inimitable

• The inimitable resource for An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components is its high-quality products. These products have allowed consumers to make repeat purchases.

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components operates through multiple locations of stores in different companies, allowing easy access to products.

• Strong marketing communications have been used by An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components to attract more customers.

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components has been using integrated technology that has allowed it to offer competitive pricing to its customers (Ariwibowo, Saputro, & Haryanto, 2021).

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components maintains an excellent customer service that has enabled it to have a high brand engagement.

Organization

• Strong financial position has allowed An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components to explore more product development opportunities.

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components is successfully maintaining the efficiency and effectiveness of its business operations with the help of more integrated and advanced technology.

• Employees are given both in-house and off-the-job training opportunities by An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components that allow more skills development (Adnan, Abdulhamid, & Sohail, 2018).

• The strong value chain and distribution network has enabled An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components to increase its revenue through the sale of its products.

Marketing Mix

Marketing Mix is needed by An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components to formulate effective strategies to achieve the company objectives.

Product

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components has five product categories. Each of these categories has a product line that involves more variety of products (Išoraitė, 2016).

• Highly differentiated products are offered by An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components to its customers. These distinctive products are not easily available at competitors.

• The products of An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components are of higher quality, and thus, customers pay more prices for these products.

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components designs products with traditional designs giving customers more product variety.

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components offers multiple sizes for its every product to make it easy for its customers to select the right product.

• Warranty and same-day delivery option if also provided by An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components to its customers.

Price

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components follows a competitive pricing strategy.

• To attract more customers, bundle pricing has also been used by the company.

• Little higher prices are charged for products that are sold online because of the delivery costs (Thabit & Raewf, 2018).

• Optional product pricing strategy is also adopted by An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components for some of its products, such as a base product is offered for a certain price, and there are separate prices for its accessories.

• Regular promotional prices are also offered by An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components to its customers.

Place

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components uses two channels for its product distribution. This includes online selling and through own stores.

• There are more than multiple stores owned by An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components globally. This ensures easy product availability to customers (Pogorelova, Yakhneeva, & Agafonova, 2016).

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components has partnered with delivery service companies to distribute its products effectively to consumers.

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components has also adopted an omni-channel distribution system.

Promotion

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components uses a traditional promotional strategy that involves TV advertisements (Fan, Y.K.Lau, & Zhao, 2015).

• Social media advertisements are also adopted by An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components to increase brand awareness.

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components takes part in various events and exhibitions as a way of promoting its products.

• Large sales force is used to provide the customers with a more personal experience.

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components also makes use of influencer marketing to increase the demand for its products.

• Regular content and deals are posted on the social media pages of An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components to attract and retain customers.

Value Chain Analysis

An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components can use Value Chain Analysis to identify and assess inter-relationships as well as interdependencies.

Primary Activities

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components’s primary activities involves the production and selling of products to the final consumers (Mintz, J.Gilbride, & Lenk, 2021).

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components has a strong relationship with the suppliers. This ensures that the product is received, stored, and distributed in a timely manner.

• Operational activities of An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components are effectively aligned.

• For inbound logistics, after the arrival of raw material, the company processes it to manufacture the final product (Hasan, Nekmahmud, & Yajuan, 2019).

• In terms of outbound logistics, An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components has been able to set up optimal costs as well as efficient delivery processes to deliver the product on time.

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components invests in its sales and marketing activities to build relationships with customers.

• Marketing funnel approach is used by An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components to effectively devise and build sales and marketing activities.

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components offers both pre-sale and post-sales services to its customers.

Secondary Activities

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components has an effective infrastructure that has allowed the company to successfully optimize its value chain.

• The competitive pressure in terms of employee skill development, motivation, and commitment is reduced as An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components has developed a strong HRM (Linkov, Carluccio, Pritchard, & Bhreasail, 2020).

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components uses a cost minimization approach to reduce its costs by analyzing the costs associated with training and hiring the employees.

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components has been using integrated technology in its value chain activities. This includes technological customer support, research and data analytics concerning product design, and automated software.

• The procurement activities of An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components are effectively optimized with its inbound, outbound, and operational activities (Maheswari, Yudoko, & Adhiutama, 2019).

Market Penetration Strategies

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components can increase the capacity of its production so it can reach more of the customers in its existing market.

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components can focus on controlling the overhead costs so that it can offer competitive pricing that can attract customers of the market (Dawes, 2018).

• Investments can be made by An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components in marketing and sales activities to increase the chances of successful market penetration.

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components can design and develop a content that increases customer engagement within a particular marketplace.

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components can assess and identify more enhanced distribution networks (Radpour, Mondal, & Kumar, 2017).

• Improved distribution systems and supply chains can improve the product accessibility for the customers, making it easier for An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components to penetrate the market.

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components can adopt price cuts in its products to compete in the market. This will give a company a competitive edge over its competitors.

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components can plan strategies where it can focus on acquiring the leading players of the market. Such acquisitions will give the company an opportunity to reach more customer segments.

• Strategic partnerships and joint ventures agreements can be signed by An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components to mitigate the risk factors, and to gain customer groups of the market.

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components can come up with new and innovative features in its already existing product for the market (Daouda, Barth, & T. M. Ingenbleek, 2019).

Market Development Strategies

• It is important for An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components to invest in the research and development department so potential markets can be identified (Hilman, Bohari, & Abdullah, 2018).

• Regional expansion strategy can be used by An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components for growth purposes. This will also take into consideration the cultural differences.

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components should also consider to expand its business operations in the international market. This will allow access to a larger customer base.

• New customer groups and segments should be explored by An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components.

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components should also invest in brand-building activities as it will give an opportunity to reach more potential customers (C. Koks & M. Kilika, 2016).

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components should consider the market education in terms of its product. The company can significantly increase its sales by giving product awareness to new segments.

Product Development Strategies

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components can come up with new improvements and modifications in the existing products to attract the market.

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components should undergo the NPD process, so the company is able to assess and identify new points for its customers.

• Regular investments in the research and development will help An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components to develop something new and innovative that can give a competitive advantage (Kalogiannidis & Mavratzas, 2020).

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components can develop new products by getting into more strategic partnerships.

Diversification Strategies

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components can adopt vertical diversification to develop business. This can be done by adding more products to the existing portfolio (Kalogiannidis & Mavratzas, 2020).

• Horizontal integration can also be adopted by An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components, where the company can enter into a completely new product development phase that does not exist in the current product line.

• An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components can also consider to conglomerate by starting a different business.

Conclusion

Based on all the models and frameworks discussed above, it is concluded that An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components should focus on widening the existing product portfolio. Moreover, the psychological pricing strategy can be adopted. An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components should also maintain close relationships with its suppliers to benefit from lower prices. Similarly, An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components should develop more integrated outbound logistics for its perishable items. It is also important to continue producing quality and innovative products, so An International Study of the Relation Between Book-tax Conformity and the Value Relevance of Earnings Components is less affected by the new emerging competition in the industry.

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