Blue Ocean Strategy of TJX

Introduction

The blue ocean strategy refers to a situation or a market where there is no irrelevant competition, or where there is negligible competition. The blue ocean strategy of TJX is focused on searching for new markets and business avenues which operate with minimal pricing pressures. The blue ocean strategy can be applied across different sectors and industries, and the businesses that exist within them. TJX blue ocean strategy is pivoted on entering new market spaces, or developing them as well as on innovation focused internally or externally that helps reinvent the industry to ensure no irrelevant competition (Kim & Mauborgne, 2014).

Moving away from saturated markets

The TJX continues to operate in saturated market spaces, and is restricted in growth and expansion. The TJX’s businesses often face hurdles in the way of development and are also faced with increasingly intense pricing pressures- and are thus said to operate in a red ocean. A red ocean is marked with cut-throat competition and pricing wars that compromise the profits for all players. Pressures in saturated markets along with narrow growth spaces had forced the TJX to search for new avenues – vertically or horizontally – to be able to enjoy higher market shares, and swim in blue oceans (Kim & Mauborgne, 2014).

Blue ocean strategy and differentiation

New industry boundaries

As companies and organizations move towards blue oceans, they redraw and redesign industry boundaries. This is possible through innovation and creativity. The TJX also explores new platforms and channels, as well as means of doing business and is thus able to expand existing industry boundaries. The TJX has also been able to show the potential of developing new industries through its innovations – by identifying new spaces and making the competition irrelevant (Agnihotri, 2016).

Differentiation

The TJX has focused on differentiation under the blue ocean strategy. The TJX’s efforts towards differentiation are focused on creating unique value for the customers in its product and service offerings (Agnihotri, 2016; Blue Ocean Strategy, 2022).

Cost efficiencies and low cost

Under blue oceans, the TJX also focuses on maintaining affordability for the value additions and differentiated products and services that it offers. The TJX commonly continuously reevaluates and reassesses its own processes and systems to maintain high-cost efficiencies (Freedman, 2022).

Value innovation – value addition and low-cost maintenance

In doing so, the TJX has been able to explore blue oceans through value additions as well as affordability for consumers. The TJX has been able to successfully identify what consumer’s value and include it in its offerings and value propositions. At the same time, the TJX has been able to provide the value differentiation at affordable costs. In this manner, the TJX enjoys high levels of value innovation (Kim, 2002; Kim & Mauborgne, 2014).

Understanding red oceans

Under red oceans, where the TJX previously operated, all layers had accepted the predefined structures and boundaries of the industry, and had continued to operate as well as compete within these (The Economic Times, 2022).

Cut throat competition

To be able to remain profitable and successful, players, including the TJX within red oceans, focused efforts on developing and maintaining competitive advantages over one another, and other players. This advantage was largely cost-based, as in the case of the TJX. In this way, wealth was only redistributed at the expense of other players, and the TJX failed to create any new wealth in the red oceans (Kim & Mauborgne, 2005).

Understanding blue oceans

Under the blue ocean strategy, the TJX operates in an industry and market space that is not marked with set boundaries or structures. These blue ocean structures have been recreated by the TJX at large, as well as by other players. Other players have also contributed to the restructuring of the industry through innovation (Kim & Mauborgne, 2014).

Restructuring industrial boundaries under the blue ocean strategy

Under the blue ocean strategy, the TJX is not restricted by predefined rules, barriers, and principles. Instead, the TJX has been able to shift its strategic direction and attention from focusing on supply towards working on developing and creating demand (Blue Ocean Strategy, 2022). The TJX, in this manner, is focused on the building of value innovation in its offerings, along with ensuring efforts towards building and maintaining differentiation and cost-effectiveness. In this way, the TJX has been able to immaterialize the competition (Kim & Mauborgne, 2017).

Strategic directions for blue oceans

The TJX has four different strategic directions, which it can choose from four continuing to pursue its blue ocean strategy. All of these strategic directions will strengthen the company’s current business position and will supports its strategy of value addition and cost efficiencies, as well as differentiation – allowing it to develop strong and sustainable market positions. These directions are

Raise

• The TJX should assess and evaluate the current industry standards and practices.

• The TJX should identify loopholes, and areas which can be improved, expanded upon, or developed a new within the industry.

• The TJX should identify different drivers and factors within the industry boundaries.

• The TJX should identify through research and observation the different factors that could raise above the existing industry standards (Kim, 2002; Kim & Mauborgne, 2017).

Eliminate

• The TJX should assess and observe current industry standards.

• The TJX should observe players’ practices within the industry, and relate the same with the industry standards.

• The TJX can identify the standards which are not needed, which are obsolete, and which may slow down operations and processes.

• These standards can be eliminated in own operations by the TJX (Kim & Mauborgne, 2014; Freedman, 2022).

Reduce

• The TJX can also assess an observe industry standards for identifying factors that are not needed, or needed partially.

• The TJX can work on reducing these standards to enhance operational performance and maximum utilization of resources as well as value addition (The Economic Times, 2022; Kim & Mauborgne, 2014).

Created

• The TJX can also expand current industry boundaries and standards.

• This expansion will be possible by the TJX through expanding and creating new standards.

• The new standards can be created by the TJX through observing industry processes and operations, and identifying potential loopholes.

• The TJX can introduce new processes and standards to redesign industry boundaries (Agnihotri, 2016; Kim & Mauborgne, 2005).

Blue ocean strategy: organizational competencies

The TJX has been able to successfully implement the blue ocean strategy because of three important organizational elements (Freedman, 2022). These organizational elements have allowed the TJX to explore blue oceans, experiment successfully with innovation, and add value to its product offerings. These elements include the following:

Mindset

• The TJX has a progressive mindset that is rooted in this participative and visionary leadership (Bratton, 2020).

• The TJX has a positive and can-do attitude and mindset.

• This mindset has allowed the TJX to achieve success through high focus and efforts (Wilson, 2018).

• The TJX has high motivation levels of employees – which enhances the optimal performance of the organization and has allowed it to explore Blue Ocean through creativity (Kim & Mauborgne, 2017; Kim & Mauborgne, 2005; Wilson, 2018).

Tools

• The TJX has access to multiple resources that has allowed it to take advantage of the blue ocean strategy (Mebert & Lowe, 2017).

• These resources TJX capabilities are internal as well as external for the TJX.

• The TJX has also invested resources and trainings for developing internal capabilities and capacities for ensuring upgraded skills and increased value addition (Buchanan & Huczynski, 2019; Chernev, 2018).

Culture

• The TJX has a learning culture, and encourages all employees to ask questions and carry out healthy discussions (Anthony, 2021; Schein, 2010).

• The TJX has a culture that is focused on research and development, which in turn leads to new innovations and solutions for existing demands and challenges (Wunder, 2019).

• The TJX has an inclusive and diverse culture, which leads to increased synergies that allow the development and implementation of blue ocean strategies easily (Wilson, 2018).

Using the blue ocean strategy effectively: steps for successful implementation

The TJX has developed the blue ocean strategy following systematic and organized processes and steps (Kim & Mauborgne, 2017). The steps that the TJX undertook for developing the blue ocean strategy include:

Step1

The TJX conducted thorough market and industry research to identify the right place to work towards developing a core team (Kim & Mauborgne, 2014; Freedman, 2022). This core team was responsible for driving TJX forward strategically towards new value additions and differentiations (Blue Ocean Strategy, 2022; Kim & Mauborgne, 2017 b).

Step2

The TJX continued to conduct deep market analysis as well as studied and assessed the competition closely. This was needed by the TJX to identify potential opportunities, and demand gaps in the existing industry as well as potential structural changes in the existing industrial boundaries (Blue Ocean Strategy, 2022).

Step3

The TJX’s assessment of the macro environment, and the market spaces allowed it to also identify the challenges and issues hidden in the current industry structure and design (Machado, 2019; Kim & Mauborgne, 2017 b). These issues and problems have restricted the industry size, and led to restrictive growth for the TJX. The TJX was also blue to identify new non-customers in this assessment- which could be turned into future consumers (Blue Ocean Strategy, 2022).

Step4

The TJX worked to redesign and reconstruct the industry boundaries and structures in a systematic manner. This was done through identifying new opportunities, as well as through exploring new innovations and valuations in existing offerings (Blue Ocean Strategy, 2022).

Step5

The TJX finally elected the right blue ocean move, i.e. conducted various pilot testing’s and market testing for its new offerings before finalizing and launching them in the market to attract new consumers, and explore new markets (Blue Ocean Strategy, 2022).

Tackling challenges on the way to Blue Ocean

Restructuring and reorganizing the boundaries and structures of the industries is not that simple (Anthony, 2021; Kim & Mauborgne, 2017 b). Managers and practitioners of the TJX seek to renew the value of their offerings within the organization – mostly using new technologies and advances networks to not only create value propositions, but also transform existing ones (Kim & Mauborgne, 2005; Kim, 2002). However, the TJX has been able to overcome resistance towards change and innovation within the organization, as well as in the external environments, because of:

Organizational culture

The culture within the TJX supports exploration and innovation. This culture is important for supporting the development and implementation of new ideas that boost the value propositions of the TJX (Chernev, 2018; Bratton, 2020; Martinez, Beaulieu, & Gibbons, 2015).

Business design

The TJX also continually practices business design (Freedman, 2022). The TJX ensures that it’s leading from the font. This means that the TJX ensures that its teams are empowered, and confident in tackling ambiguous and difficult challenges and issues. This allows the TJX to identify new opportunities and innovate (Wunder, 2019).

Strong and visionary leadership

The TJX has a forward-thinking, progressive, charismatic leadership. This leadership ensures that the TJX continually engages in disruptive processes and innovations – which in turn allow the company to explore and implement the blue ocean strategy. The leadership is supportive of, and facilitates the change processes within the company (Machado, 2019).

Communication

The TJX ensures that all communication within the organization is transparent and quick (Chernev, 2018; Buchanan & Huczynski, 2019). The leadership and management levels have frequent meetings within the company along managerial levels (Wilson, 2018; Wunder, 2019). This allows employees to feel on board of the happenings, and be part of a change from the beginning – understanding its need and facilitating its implementation. This is critical for ensuring successful innovation and adoption of the blue ocean strategy (Anthony, 2021; Chernev, 2018; Kim, 2002).

Value innovation in blue ocean strategy

Value innovation within the blue ocean strategy focuses on value as well as innovation (Blue Ocean Strategy, 2022; Kim & Mauborgne, 2017). This means that the TJX seeks to innovate and create value at the same time as a means of differentiation within the marketplace to be able to implement the blue ocean strategy (Kim & Mauborgne, 2014). The TJX does not only engage in value creation – which focuses on scaling the existing value only instead of creating a new one (Blue Ocean Strategy, 2022; Agnihotri, 2016; Kim & Mauborgne, 2014).

Technology innovation

The TJX engages in value innovation through technology innovation. The TJX ensures that it uses advanced and progressive technology to address various consumer demands and problems as well as needs in innovative ways and manners (Kim & Mauborgne, 2005). However, the TJX ensures that it focuses on value innovation rather than technology innovation in its value propositions so that new value through technology is created for consumers (Kim, 2002; Wilson, 2018).

Low cost

The TJX also ensures affordability with value innovation. The value innovation allows the TJX to operate at low costs, and maintain cost efficiencies (Chernev, 2018). As a result, the TJX maintains low costs and high value for consumers – allowing it to tap into new consumer groups as well. As a result, the TJX is able to enjoy a high growth rate as well as increased sales and profits (Kim & Mauborgne, 2014).

The strategies and strategic directions for designing and implementing the blue ocean strategy have been overseen through some guiding and fundamental principles by the TJX. These include”

Formulation principles

Redesigning the industry

• The TJX sought to reconstruct, redesign and rebuild the market boundaries and standards.

• The TJX was bold enough to redefine the industry space and the market space in which it operated (Mebert & Lowe, 2017).

Long term focus

• The TJX focused on long-term success and sustainability, instead of short-term gains and numbers.

• The TJX was visionary, and aw beyond the existent customer demand and needs (Freedman, 2022).

Demand creation

• The TJX creates demand for the new value-added offerings it manufactured and proposed in the blue oceans (Kim, 2002).

• The TJX tapped into new customer groups and target audiences (Kim & Mauborgne, Red Ocean Traps (Harvard Business Review Classics), 2017 b).

Execution principles

Overcoming organizational challenges

Organizational culture

• The TJX has a result organizational culture (Martinez, Beaulieu, & Gibbons, 2015; Schein, 2010).

• The TJX invests in research and development.

• The TJX is quick to adapt to change and has a disciplined change management team to oversee change processes (Chernev, 2018; Kim & Mauborgne, 2014).

Environmental assessment

• The TJX continually assesses its internal and external environments and creates contingency plans (Chernev, 2018; Machado, 2019).

• The TJX engages in pre-strategic planning to help strengthen its strategic focus and direction (Wilson, 2018; Kim & Mauborgne, 2017 b).

Leadership

• The TJX has a visionary leadership (Bratton, 2020).

• The leadership at the TJX has a participative approach which encourages employee motivation and their organizational commitment.

• The leadership ensures optimal organizational performance at the TJX (Freedman, 2022; Kim & Mauborgne, 2005).

Developing execution strategy

• The TJX has developed a sequential strategic direction for execution.

• The execution of the blue ocean strategy is based on market research (Anthony, 2021).

• The execution of the blue ocean strategy has been carefully planned to ensure that it’s timely.

• The execution involves all parts and members of the TJX (The Economic Times, 2022; Kim, 2002).

Blue ocean strategic Tools

The TJX has been able to use multiple operational and strategic tools.

Shift in organizational mindset

These tools kits have been important for the TJX in helping it develop the right mindset needed for aligning processes and systems towards the blue ocean strategic direction (Kim & Mauborgne, 2017 b). The tools have been a powerful source for the TJX in facilitating it towards aligning its resources, and identifying potential blue oceans (Kim, 2002). The TJX has been diligent in ensuring that its teams and organizational members are familiar with the blue can strategies and tools so that the shift in their mindset is facilitated and strengthened (Wunder, 2019).

Cultural driver

Moreover, the tools also ensure increased alignment of the TJX’s culture with the strategy. This, in turn, has allowed the TJX to realize the increased number of opportunities, and embed creativity in its internal processes and systems (Kim, 2002; Buchanan & Huczynski, 2019).

These tools include, for example:

• Value innovation

• Six path framework

• Strategy canvas

• Four action framework

• Tipping point leadership

• ERRC Grid

• Pioneer settler migrator map

• Buyer utility map

• 3 tiers of non-customers

• Fair processes

• Visualizing strategy (The Economic Times, 2022)

Conclusion

With the use of the blue ocean strategy, the TJX has been able to redesign the industrial boundaries and standards using multiple techniques and tools that have been identified and discussed briefly in this paper.

The blue ocean strategy has been an important strategic element for the TJX. The TJX has been able to explore new markets and tap into new customer groups through using the blue ocean strategy. This has been possible for the TJX through continuous investment in research and development as well as through its organizational cultural, which is focused on innovation and creativity. The TJX has been able to make use of innovative processes and progressive technology to create value innovation. At the same time, the TJX has moved out of red oceans and no longer competes over pricing strategies. This has also allowed TJX to build a cost advantage, and maintain affordability in its offerings for customers.

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